Lub Tebchaws Navajo yeej tsis tau tso cai rau cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab nkag mus rau hauv lub hav dej liab zoo nkauj hu ua Death Canyon. Ntawm pawg neeg thaj av nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj Arizona, nws yog ib feem ntawm Cheli Canyon National Monument-qhov chaw uas Navajo tus kheej tshaj tawm Diné muaj qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab keeb kwm. Coerte Voorhees, tus kws sau ntawv thiab tus thawj coj ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab no tau piav qhia txog cov hav dej sib cuam tshuam li "lub plawv ntawm Navajo Nation."
Cov yeeb yaj kiab yog ib qho archaeological epic hu ua Canyon Del Muerto, uas yuav tsum tau tso tawm tom qab xyoo no. Nws qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm pioneer archaeologist Ann Akstel Mo uas ua hauj lwm ntawm no nyob rau hauv 1920s thiab thaum ntxov 1930s Qhov tseeb zaj dab neeg ntawm Ann Axtell Morris. Nws tau sib yuav rau Earl Morris thiab qee zaum tau piav qhia tias yog leej txiv ntawm Southwestern Archaeology thiab feem ntau raug suav tias yog tus qauv rau cov ntawv tseeb Indiana Jones, Harrison Ford hauv blockbuster Steven Spielberg thiab George Lucas tsos ua si. Kev qhuas ntawm Earl Morris, ua ke nrog kev ntxub ntxaug ntawm cov poj niam hauv kev qhuab qhia, tau ua rau nws qhov kev ua tiav ntev, txawm tias nws yog ib tus poj niam thawj tus kws tshawb fawb tsiaj qus hauv Tebchaws Meskas.
Nyob rau lub caij txias thiab tshav ntuj thaum sawv ntxov, thaum lub hnub pib ci ntsa iab ntawm phab ntsa kwj deg, ib pab neeg ntawm nees thiab plaub-log tsav tsheb tau tsav los ntawm cov xuab zeb hauv qab. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab 35 tus neeg caij tsheb hauv lub jeep qhib uas tau tsav los ntawm Navajo qhia hauv zos. Lawv tau taw qhia txog cov pob zeb kos duab thiab lub tsev pob zeb ua los ntawm Anasazi los yog archaeologists tam sim no hu ua cov poj koob yawm txwv Pueblo. Cov neeg qub uas nyob ntawm no ua ntej BC. Navajo, thiab sab laug hauv qhov xwm txheej tsis meej nyob rau thaum ntxov xyoo pua 14th. Tom qab ntawm lub rooj sib txoos, feem ntau daig hauv cov xuab zeb yog 1917 Ford T thiab 1918 TT tsheb.
Thaum npaj lub koob yees duab rau thawj lub kaum sab xis dav hauv lub kwj dej, kuv taug kev mus rau Ann Earl tus tub xeeb ntxwv 58 xyoo Ben Gail, uas yog tus kws pab tswv yim sau ntawv laus rau kev tsim khoom. "Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws rau Ann, qhov chaw uas nws zoo siab tshaj plaws thiab tau ua qee yam ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws," Gell hais. “Nws rov qab mus rau lub hav dej ntau zaus thiab sau hais tias nws yeej tsis zoo ib yam li ob zaug. Lub teeb, lub caij, thiab huab cua ib txwm hloov. Kuv niam tiag tiag tau xeeb ntawm no thaum lub sij hawm archaeological excavations, tej zaum unsurprisingly, Nws loj hlob los ua ib tug archaeologist.
Nyob rau hauv ib qho scene, peb saib ib tug hluas nkauj taug kev maj mam dhau lub koob yees duab ntawm ib tug mare dawb. Nws hnav ib lub tsho tawv tawv xim av lined nrog sheepskin thiab nws cov plaub hau khi rov qab rau hauv ib lub pob. Tus neeg ua yeeb yam uas ua nws tus pog hauv qhov xwm txheej no yog qhov stunt sawv-hauv Kristina Krell (Kristina Krell), rau Gail, nws zoo li saib cov duab qub tsev neeg tuaj txog lub neej. Gale hais tias "Kuv tsis paub Ann lossis Earl, lawv ob leeg tuag ua ntej kuv yug los, tab sis kuv paub tias kuv hlub lawv npaum li cas," Gale hais. "Lawv yog cov neeg zoo, lawv muaj lub siab zoo."
Tsis tas li nyob rau hauv kev soj ntsuam thiab ua yeeb yaj kiab yog John Tsosie los ntawm Diné ze Chinle, Arizona. Nws yog tus sib tham ntawm kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab tsoomfwv pab pawg. Kuv nug nws vim li cas Diné pom zoo cia cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab no mus rau hauv Canyon del Muerto. "Thaum yav dhau los, ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv peb thaj av, peb muaj qee qhov kev paub tsis zoo," nws hais. “Lawv tau coj ntau pua tus neeg, tso cov thoob khib nyiab, cuam tshuam qhov chaw dawb huv, thiab ua raws li lawv muaj qhov chaw no. Txoj haujlwm no tsuas yog qhov tsis sib xws. Lawv hwm peb thaj av thiab tib neeg heev. Lawv ntiav ntau Navajo, nqis peev nyiaj hauv kev lag luam hauv zos thiab pab peb kev lag luam. "
Gale hais ntxiv tias, “Tej yam muaj tseeb rau Ann thiab Earl. Lawv yog thawj tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los ntiav Navajo rau kev khawb, thiab lawv tau them nyiaj zoo. Earl hais lus Navajo, thiab Ann hais ib yam nkaus. Ib txhia. Tom qab ntawd, thaum Earle tau tawm tswv yim tiv thaiv cov hav zoov no, nws hais tias cov neeg Navajo uas nyob ntawm no yuav tsum tau tso cai nyob vim lawv yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw no. "
Qhov kev sib cav no yeej. Niaj hnub no, kwv yees li 80 tsev neeg Diné nyob hauv Death Canyon thiab Cheri Canyon nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm National Monument. Qee tus neeg tsav tsheb thiab cov neeg caij tsheb uas ua haujlwm hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab yog cov tsev neeg no, thiab lawv yog cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov neeg Ann thiab Earl Morris paub ze li 100 xyoo dhau los. Hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab, Ann thiab Earl's Navajo tus pab cuam yog ua los ntawm Diné actor, hais lus Navajo nrog lus Askiv subtitles. Tsosie tau hais tias, "Feem ntau," cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab tsis quav ntsej cov neeg ua yeeb yam Native American koom nrog lossis lawv hais hom lus dab tsi."
Nyob rau hauv zaj duab xis, 40-xyoo-laus tus kws pab tswv yim lus Navajo muaj lub cev luv luv thiab lub ponytail. Sheldon Blackhorse ua si YouTube clip ntawm nws lub xov tooj smartphone-qhov no yog 1964 Western yeeb yaj kiab "The Faraway Trumpet" Ib qho xwm txheej hauv ". Tus neeg ua yeeb yam Navajo hnav khaub ncaws zoo li Plains Indian tab tom tham nrog tus tub ceev xwm Asmeskas tub rog hauv Navajo. Tus kws ua yeeb yaj kiab tsis paub tias tus neeg ua yeeb yam tab tom thuam nws tus kheej thiab lwm tus Navajo. Nws tau hais tias "Qhov tseeb koj tsis tuaj yeem ua dab tsi rau kuv," nws hais. "Koj yog tus nab uas nkag los ntawm koj tus kheej-tus nab."
Hauv Canyon Del Muerto, Navajo cov neeg ua yeeb yam hais ib hom lus tsim nyog rau xyoo 1920. Sheldon txiv, Taft Blackhorse, yog tus kws pab tswv yim lus, kab lis kev cai thiab archaeology ntawm qhov chaw hnub ntawd. Nws piav qhia tias: “Txij li thaum Ann Morris tuaj ntawm no, peb tau nthuav tawm Anglo kab lis kev cai rau lwm xyoo pua thiab peb cov lus tau dhau los ua ncaj ncees thiab ncaj qha raws li lus Askiv.. Navajo thaum ub tau piav qhia ntau dua hauv toj roob hauv pes. Lawv yuav hais tias, “Mus rau saum lub pob zeb uas muaj sia nyob. "Tam sim no peb hais tias, "Kev taug kev ntawm pob zeb." Cov yeeb yaj kiab no yuav khaws cov lus qub uas yuav luag ploj mus. "
Pab neeg tau tsiv mus rau lub hav txwv yeem. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tau ntim cov koob yees duab thiab muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw siab siab, npaj rau kev tuaj txog ntawm Tus Qauv T. Lub ntuj yog xiav, cov phab ntsa ntawm lub hav yog ocher liab, thiab cov paj ntoo nplooj loj hlob ci ntsuab. Voorhees muaj hnub nyoog 30 xyoo xyoo no, slim, nrog cov plaub hau xim av curly thiab hooked nta, hnav luv, T-shirt thiab lub kaus mom dav-brimmed straw. Nws paced rov qab thiab tawm ntawm lub puam. "Kuv ntseeg tsis tau tias peb nyob ntawm no tiag tiag," nws hais.
Qhov no yog qhov kawg ntawm ntau xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm hnyav los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv, cov thawj coj, cov tsim khoom thiab cov neeg ua lag luam. Nrog kev pab los ntawm nws tus tij laug John thiab nws niam nws txiv, Voorhees tau tsa ntau lab nyiaj daus las hauv kev tsim cov peev nyiaj los ntawm ntau dua 75 tus neeg ua lag luam, muag lawv ib zaug. Tom qab ntawd tuaj txog Covid-19 kis thoob qhov txhia chaw, uas ncua tag nrho cov phiaj xwm thiab hais kom Voorhees nce ntxiv $ 1 lab txhawm rau them tus nqi ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej (qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, hnab looj tes pov tseg, tshuaj ntxuav tes, thiab lwm yam), uas yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv kaum ob. Hauv 34-hnub kev npaj ua yeeb yaj kiab, tag nrho cov neeg ua yeeb yam thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb.
Voorhees tau sab laj ntau dua 30 tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los kom ntseeg tau qhov tseeb thiab kev coj noj coj ua. Nws tau ua 22 kev taug kev mus rau Canyon de Chelly thiab Canyon del Muerto kom pom qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws thiab tua lub kaum ntse ntse. Tau ntau xyoo, nws tau tuav lub rooj sib tham nrog Navajo Nation thiab National Park Service, thiab lawv tau koom ua ke tswj hwm Canyon Decelli National Monument.
Voorhees loj hlob hauv Boulder, Colorado, thiab nws txiv yog ib tug kws lij choj. Feem ntau ntawm nws thaum yau, kev tshoov siab los ntawm Indiana Jones cov yeeb yaj kiab, nws xav ua tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los. Tom qab ntawd nws tau nyiam ua yeeb yaj kiab. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12 xyoos, nws pib ua haujlwm pub dawb ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv University of Colorado. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej no yog tus alma mater ntawm Earl Morris thiab txhawb nqa qee qhov ntawm nws txoj kev tshawb fawb. Ib daim duab hauv tsev cia puav pheej tau txais kev nyiam ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Voorhees. "Nov yog daim duab dub thiab dawb ntawm Earl Morris hauv Canyon de Chelly. Nws zoo li Indiana Jones hauv qhov toj roob hauv pes zoo kawg. II xav tias, 'Wow, kuv xav ua ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab txog tus neeg ntawd.' Tom qab ntawd kuv pom tias nws yog tus qauv ntawm Indiana Jones, lossis tej zaum, kuv txaus siab heev. "
Lucas thiab Spielberg tau hais tias lub luag haujlwm ntawm Indiana Jones yog ua raws li ib hom ntawv uas feem ntau pom nyob rau xyoo 1930s zaj yeeb yaj kiab-qhov Lucas hu ua "tus tub rog muaj hmoo hauv lub tsho tawv thiab lub kaus mom zoo li ntawd" - thiab Tsis muaj daim duab keeb kwm. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv lwm nqe lus, lawv tau lees paub tias lawv tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm ob tus qauv ntawm lub neej tiag tiag: tus demure, champagne-haus dej archaeologist Sylvanus Morley saib xyuas Mexico Txoj kev kawm ntawm lub tuam tsev loj Mayan Chichén Itzá, thiab Molly tus thawj coj ntawm kev khawb av, Earl Morris. , hnav lub tsho fedora thiab xim av tawv tawv, ua ke lub siab tawv ntawm kev taug txuj kev nyuaj thiab kev paub nruj ua ke.
Lub siab xav ua yeeb yaj kiab txog Earl Morris tau nrog Voorhees los ntawm tsev kawm theem siab thiab Georgetown University, qhov chaw nws kawm keeb kwm thiab classics, thiab Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab ntawm Zaj Duab Xis ntawm University of Southern California. Thawj zaj yeeb yaj kiab "First Line" tso tawm los ntawm Netflix hauv 2016 tau hloov kho los ntawm Elgin Marbles lub tsev hais plaub sib ntaus sib tua, thiab nws tig mus rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm Earl Morris.
Voorhees 'touchstone cov ntawv sai sai tau dhau los ua ob phau ntawv sau los ntawm Ann Morris: "Kev khawb hauv Yucatan Peninsula" (1931), uas npog nws thiab Earl lub sijhawm hauv Chichén Itzá (Chichén Itzá) Lub sijhawm dhau mus, thiab "Kev khawb hauv Southwest" (1933) ), qhia txog lawv cov kev paub hauv plaub lub ces kaum thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Canyon del Muerto. Ntawm cov autobiographical tej hauj lwm uas muaj sia nyob—vim cov tshaj tawm tsis lees paub tias cov poj niam tuaj yeem sau ib phau ntawv ntawm archaeology rau cov neeg laus, yog li lawv raug muag rau cov me nyuam loj—Morris txhais txoj hauj lwm no yog "xa mus rau lub ntiaj teb" Kev cawm dim nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw deb los kho. cov nplooj ntawv tawg ntawm autobiography. " Tom qab tsom ntsoov rau nws kev sau ntawv, Voorhees txiav txim siab tsom mus rau Ann. “Nws yog nws lub suab hauv cov ntawv ntawd. Kuv pib sau tsab ntawv. "
Lub suab ntawd yog cov lus qhia thiab tso cai, tab sis kuj muaj sia nyob thiab lom zem. Hais txog nws txoj kev hlub ntawm thaj chaw deb hav zoov, nws tau sau rau hauv kev khawb av nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob, "Kuv lees tias kuv yog ib tus neeg raug suav tsis txheeb ntawm kev mob hypnosis nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob-qhov no yog kab mob ntev, tuag taus thiab kho tsis tau."
Hauv "Excavation in Yucatan", nws piav txog peb "cov cuab yeej tsim nyog" ntawm archaeologists, uas yog shovel, tib neeg lub qhov muag, thiab kev xav - cov no yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau yooj yim tshaj plaws. . "Nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj hwm los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj tseeb thaum tswj kom muaj dej txaus los hloov thiab hloov kho raws li qhov tseeb tshiab tau nthuav tawm. Nws yuav tsum tau tswj hwm los ntawm kev nruj nruj thiab kev nkag siab zoo, thiab… Kev ntsuas tshuaj ntawm lub neej yog ua raws li kev saib xyuas ntawm kws tshuaj. "
Nws tau sau tias tsis muaj kev xav, cov relics excavated los ntawm archaeologists yog "tsuas yog cov pob txha qhuav thiab variegated plua plav." Kev xav tau tso cai rau lawv "tsim cov phab ntsa ntawm cov nroog uas tawg lawm ... Xav txog txoj kev lag luam loj thoob plaws ntiaj teb, tag nrho cov neeg taug kev xav paub, cov tub lag luam siab hlob thiab cov tub rog, uas tam sim no tsis nco qab tag nrho rau kev yeej lossis swb."
Thaum Voorhees nug Ann ntawm University of Colorado hauv Boulder, nws feem ntau hnov cov lus teb tib yam-nrog ntau lo lus, vim li cas leej twg yuav txhawj txog Earl Morris tus poj niam qaug cawv? Txawm hais tias Ann tau dhau los ua neeg haus dej haus cawv loj heev hauv nws xyoo tom qab, qhov teeb meem kev lim hiam no tseem qhia txog qhov uas Ann Morris txoj haujlwm tau raug tsis nco qab, tsis quav ntsej, lossis txawm tias obliterated.
Inga Calvin, tus xibfwb ntawm anthropology ntawm University of Colorado, tau sau ib phau ntawv hais txog Ann Morris, feem ntau raws li nws cov ntawv. Nws tau hais tias "Nws yog ib tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm zoo tshaj plaws nrog kev kawm qib siab hauv tsev kawm qib siab thiab kev cob qhia hauv Fab Kis, tab sis vim tias nws yog poj niam, nws tsis tau mob siab rau," nws hais. “Nws yog ib tug hluas, zoo nkauj, muaj sia nyob uas nyiam ua rau tib neeg zoo siab. Nws tsis pab. Nws nrov archaeology los ntawm cov phau ntawv, thiab nws tsis pab. Cov kws tshawb fawb archaeologists saib tsis taus cov neeg nyiam. Qhov no yog ib tug ntxhais khoom rau lawv. "
Calvin xav tias Morris yog "underrated thiab zoo kawg li." Thaum ntxov xyoo 1920, Ann txoj kev hnav khaub ncaws hauv teb - taug kev hauv breeches, leggings, thiab txiv neej hnav khaub ncaws - yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov poj niam. Nws tau hais tias "Hauv qhov chaw deb heev, pw hauv ib lub yeej rog uas muaj cov txiv neej yoj spatula, suav nrog cov txiv neej Native American, yog tib yam," nws hais.
Raws li Mary Ann Levine, tus xibfwb qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm Franklin thiab Marshall College hauv Pennsylvania, Morris yog "pioneer, colonizing uninhabited place." Raws li lub koom haum kev ntxub ntxaug poj niam txiv neej cuam tshuam txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tshawb fawb kev kawm, nws pom txoj haujlwm tsim nyog hauv ob peb tus kws tshaj lij nrog Earle, tau sau feem ntau ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm, pab nws piav qhia lawv qhov kev tshawb pom, thiab sau ntawv tau zoo. Levine tau hais tias "Nws tau qhia txog cov hau kev thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm archaeology rau cov pej xeem nyiam, suav nrog cov poj niam hluas," Levine tau hais. "Thaum qhia nws zaj dab neeg, nws sau nws tus kheej rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Asmeskas archaeology."
Thaum Ann tuaj txog hauv Chichen Itza, Yucatan, xyoo 1924, Silvanas Molly hais kom nws saib xyuas nws tus ntxhais 6 xyoo thiab ua tus tswv tsev ntawm cov qhua. Txhawm rau kom dim cov dej num no thiab tshawb xyuas qhov chaw, nws nrhiav tau ib lub tuam tsev me me uas tsis saib xyuas. Nws ntxias Molly cia nws khawb nws, thiab nws ua tib zoo khawb nws. Thaum Earl rov qab kho lub Tuam Tsev Zoo Tshaj Plaws ntawm Cov Tub Rog (800-1050 AD), tus kws kos duab txawj ntse Ann tau luam thiab kawm nws cov duab kos. Nws cov kev tshawb fawb thiab cov duab kos yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm ob-ntim version ntawm Tuam Tsev ntawm Cov Tub Rog hauv Chichen Itza, Yucatan, luam tawm los ntawm Carnegie Institute hauv 1931. Ua ke nrog Earl thiab Fab Kis tus neeg pleev kob Jean Charlotte, nws raug suav tias yog Co- tus sau.
Nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob Tebchaws Meskas, Ann thiab Earl tau ua ntau qhov kev khawb thiab sau thiab kawm txog petroglyphs hauv plaub ceg kaum. Nws phau ntawv ntawm cov kev siv zog no cuam tshuam Anasazi qhov kev pom ib txwm muaj. Raws li Voorhees tau hais tias, "Cov neeg xav tias lub tebchaws no ib txwm yog cov neeg yos hav zoov-sau. Cov Anasazis tsis xav kom muaj kev vam meej, nroog, kab lis kev cai, thiab cov chaw pej xeem. Qhov uas Ann Morris tau ua nyob rau hauv phau ntawv ntawd Zoo heev decomposed thiab txiav txim siab tag nrho cov kev ywj pheej lub sij hawm ntawm 1000-xyoo kev vam meej-Basket Makers 1, 2, 3, 4; Pueblo 3, 4, thiab lwm yam.
Voorhees pom nws zoo li ib tug poj niam nyob rau xyoo pua 21st uas tau tso tseg thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th. "Hauv nws lub neej, nws raug tsis saib xyuas, saib xyuas, thuam thiab txhob txwm cuam tshuam, vim hais tias archaeology yog ib tug tub hluas lub club," nws hais. "Qhov piv txwv classic yog nws cov ntawv. Lawv tau sau meej meej rau cov neeg laus uas kawm tiav qib siab, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau luam tawm raws li cov menyuam yaus cov phau ntawv. "
Voorhees nug Tom Felton (paub zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua si Draco Malfoy hauv Harry Potter movies) ua si Earl Morris. Tus tsim zaj duab xis Ann Morris (Ann Morris) ua si Abigail Lawrie, 24-xyoo-laus Scottish-yug actress yog nto moo rau British TV ua yeeb yam "Tin Star", thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas ntawm archaeologists muaj striking lub cev zoo sib xws. Voorhees tau hais tias "Nws zoo li peb tau yug dua tshiab Ann," "Nws zoo kawg thaum koj ntsib nws."
Hnub peb ntawm lub kwj ha, Voorhees thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj txog hauv thaj chaw uas Ann plam thiab ze li tuag thaum nce toj pob zeb, qhov chaw uas nws thiab Earle tau ua qee qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws-raws li pioneering archaeology Lub tsev nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov tsua hu ua Holocaust, siab nyob ze ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, pom tsis pom hauv qab.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th thiab 19th, muaj kev tawm tsam ntau zaus, kev tawm tsam, thiab kev tsov kev rog ntawm Navajo thiab Spaniards hauv New Mexico. Xyoo 1805, cov tub rog Spanish tau caij nkoj mus rau hauv lub hav dej kom pauj rau Navajo ntxeem tau tsis ntev los no. Kwv yees li 25 Navajos - cov neeg laus, cov poj niam, thiab cov menyuam yaus - nkaum hauv lub qhov tsua. Yog hais tias nws tsis yog rau ib tug poj niam laus uas pib thuam cov tub rog, hais tias lawv yog "cov neeg taug kev tsis qhov muag", lawv yuav tau nkaum.
Cov tub rog Spanish tsis tuaj yeem tua lawv lub hom phiaj ncaj qha, tab sis lawv cov mos txwv tau tawm ntawm phab ntsa qhov tsua, ua rau mob lossis tua cov neeg feem coob nyob hauv. Tom qab ntawd cov tub rog tau nce lub qhov tsua, tua cov neeg raug mob thiab nyiag lawv tej khoom. Ze li ntawm 120 xyoo tom qab, Ann thiab Earl Morris nkag mus hauv lub qhov tsua thiab pom cov pob txha pob txha, cov mos txwv uas tua Navajo, thiab cov pob zeb nyob thoob plaws phab ntsa tom qab. Cov neeg tua neeg tau muab Death Canyon lub npe phem. (Smithsonian Institution geologist James Stevenson tau coj ib qho kev ntoj ke mus kawm ntawm no xyoo 1882 thiab hu ua kwj dej.)
Taft Blackhorse hais tias: “Peb muaj kev txwv nruj heev rau cov neeg tuag. Peb tsis tham txog lawv. Peb tsis nyiam nyob qhov twg neeg tuag. Yog tias ib tug neeg tuag, tib neeg nyiam tso tsev. Cov neeg tuag yuav ua phem rau cov ciaj, yog li ntawd peb cov neeg kuj nyob deb ntawm kev tua tej qhov tsua thiab tej roob pob tsuas.” Navajo txoj kev tuag taboo yuav yog ib qho laj thawj vim li cas Canyon of the Dead tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ua ntej Ann thiab Earl Morris tuaj txog. Nws tau piav qhia tias nws yog "ib qho ntawm cov chaw qub txeeg qub teg uas nplua nuj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb."
Tsis deb ntawm lub qhov tsua Holocaust yog qhov chaw zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj hu ua Mummy Cave: Qhov no yog thawj zaug uas zoo siab tshaj plaws Voorhees tshwm rau ntawm qhov screen. Qhov no yog ob-txheej qhov tsua ntawm cua-eroded liab sandstone. Nyob rau sab 200 ko taw saum av ntawm lub hav zoov yog ib qho zoo kawg nkaus peb-zaj dab neeg ntauwd nrog ob peb chav nyob ib sab, tag nrho ua nrog masonry los ntawm Anasazi los yog poj koob yawm txwv Pueblo neeg.
Xyoo 1923, Ann thiab Earl Morris tau khawb ntawm no thiab pom cov pov thawj ntawm 1,000-xyoo txoj haujlwm, suav nrog ntau lub cev tuag nrog cov plaub hau thiab tawv nqaij tseem tsis zoo. Yuav luag txhua tus mummy - txiv neej, poj niam, thiab menyuam yaus - hnav plhaub thiab hlaws dai; yog li ntawd tus tsiaj dav dawb hau ntawm lub ntees tuag.
Ib qho ntawm Ann txoj haujlwm yog tshem tawm cov qias neeg ntawm mummies ntau pua xyoo thiab tshem cov nas zes ntawm lawv lub plab kab noj hniav. Nws tsis squeamish kiag li. Ann thiab Earl nyuam qhuav sib yuav, thiab qhov no yog lawv cov honeymoon.
Hauv Ben Gell lub tsev me me adobe hauv Tucson, nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua sab qab teb sab hnub poob thiab cov khoom siv suab nrov Danish siab ncaj ncees, muaj ntau cov ntawv, ntawv teev npe, duab thiab khoom plig los ntawm nws pog. Nws nqa ib rab phom los ntawm nws chav pw, uas Morriss nqa nrog lawv thaum mus ncig ua si. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15 xyoos, Earl Morris taw tes rau tus txiv neej uas tua nws txiv tom qab kev sib cav hauv tsheb hauv Farmington, New Mexico. Gale hais tias "Earl ob txhais tes tshee tshee heev uas nws tuav tsis tau rab phom," Gale hais. "Thaum nws rub tus txhais, rab phom tsis tua thiab nws khiav tawm ntawm kev ceeb ntshai."
Earle yug hauv Chama, New Mexico hauv xyoo 1889. Nws loj hlob nrog nws txiv, tus tsav tsheb thauj khoom thiab tus kws tsim kho tsheb uas ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev sib tw, kev tsim vaj tse, kev ua haujlwm mining thiab kev tsheb ciav hlau. Nyob rau hauv lawv lub sij hawm spare, leej txiv thiab tus tub tau tshawb nrhiav Native American relics; Earle siv cov ntawv luv luv los khawb tawm nws thawj lub lauj kaub thaum muaj hnub nyoog 31/2. Tom qab nws txiv raug tua, kev khawb ntawm cov khoom qub tau los ua Earl's OCD kev kho mob. Xyoo 1908, nws nkag mus hauv University of Colorado ntawm Boulder, qhov chaw uas nws tau kawm tiav qib siab hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws, tab sis tau txaus siab los ntawm archaeology - tsis yog tsuas yog khawb rau lub lauj kaub thiab cov khoom muaj nqis, tab sis kuj rau kev paub thiab kev nkag siab txog yav dhau los. Nyob rau hauv 1912, nws excavated Mayan ruins nyob rau hauv Guatemala. Xyoo 1917, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 28 xyoo, nws pib khawb thiab kho lub Aztec ruins ntawm Pueblo cov poj koob yawm txwv hauv New Mexico rau American Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Natural History.
Ann yug hauv 1900 thiab loj hlob hauv tsev neeg muaj nyiaj hauv Omaha. Thaum nws muaj 6 xyoos, raws li nws hais hauv "Southwest Digging", ib tug phooj ywg hauv tsev neeg nug nws tias nws xav ua dab tsi thaum nws loj hlob tuaj. Ib yam li nws piav txog nws tus kheej, muaj meej mom thiab tsis meej pem, nws tau muab cov lus teb zoo, uas yog qhov tseeb ntawm nws lub neej neeg laus: "Kuv xav khawb tawm cov khoom muaj nqis faus, tshawb nrhiav cov neeg Khab, pleev xim thiab hnav mus rau rab phom. thiab tom qab ntawd mus kawm ntawv qib siab. "
Gal tau nyeem cov ntawv uas Ann tau sau rau nws niam ntawm Smith College hauv Northampton, Massachusetts. Gale hais rau kuv tias "Ib tug xibfwb hais tias nws yog tus ntxhais ntse tshaj plaws hauv Smith College," "Nws yog lub neej ntawm tog, lom zem heev, tej zaum muab zais tom qab nws. Nws pheej siv kev lom zem hauv nws cov ntawv thiab qhia nws niam txhua yam, suav nrog hnub thaum nws sawv tsis tau. Kev nyuaj siab? Hangover? Tej zaum ob leeg. Yog lawm, peb yeej tsis paub. "
Ann tau ntxim nyiam los ntawm tib neeg thaum ntxov, keeb kwm yav dhau los, thiab haiv neeg Asmeskas haiv neeg ua ntej European conquest. Nws yws rau nws tus kws qhia keeb kwm tias tag nrho lawv cov kev kawm pib lig dhau lawm thiab kev vam meej thiab tsoomfwv tau tsim. "Nws tsis yog txog thaum ib tug xibfwb uas kuv raug thab plaub hais tias kuv yuav xav tau archaeology es tsis yog keeb kwm, thaum kaj ntug tsis tau pib," nws sau. Tom qab kawm tiav ntawm Smith College hauv xyoo 1922, nws tau caij nkoj ncaj qha mus rau Fabkis los koom nrog American Academy of Prehistoric Archaeology, qhov chaw nws tau txais kev cob qhia kev khawb av.
Txawm hais tias yav dhau los nws tau ntsib Earl Morris hauv Shiprock, New Mexico - nws tau mus xyuas ib tug npawg - qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev sib tham tsis meej. Tab sis zoo li Earl tau xa ib tsab ntawv mus rau Ann thaum nws kawm hauv Fab Kis, thov kom nws yuav nws. Gale tau hais tias "Nws txaus siab rau nws," Gale hais. “Nws yuav nws tus phab ej. Qhov no kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev rau nws los ua ib tug kws tshawb fawb-mus rau hauv kev lag luam. " Nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv rau nws tsev neeg xyoo 1921, nws hais tias yog nws yog ib tug txiv neej, Earl yuav zoo siab muab nws txoj hauj lwm saib xyuas kev khawb, tab sis nws tus neeg txhawb nqa yuav tsis tso cai rau ib tug poj niam los tuav txoj hauj lwm no. Nws sau tias: "Tsis tas yuav hais, kuv cov hniav tau wrinkled vim rov sib tsoo."
Kev tshoob kos tau tshwm sim hauv Gallup, New Mexico hauv xyoo 1923. Tom qab ntawd, tom qab kev khawb av hauv lub qhov tsua Mummy, lawv tau caij nkoj mus rau Yucatan, qhov chaw Carnegie lub koom haum ntiav Earl los khawb thiab txhim kho lub Tuam Tsev Warrior hauv Chichen Itza. Ntawm lub rooj noj mov, Gail tau tso Cov Duab ntawm nws cov pog yawg hauv Mayan ruins-Ann hnav lub kaus mom sloppy thiab lub tsho dawb, luam cov duab kos; lub earl hangs cov cement tov khoom ntawm lub tsav ncej ntawm lub tsheb; thiab nws nyob hauv lub tuam tsev me me ntawm Xtoloc Cenote. Muaj "tau txais nws spurs" raws li ib tug excavator, nws sau nyob rau hauv lub excavation nyob rau hauv Yucatan.
Rau tag nrho xyoo 1920, Morris tsev neeg tau nyob hauv lub neej nomadic, faib lawv lub sijhawm ntawm Yucatan thiab Southwestern Tebchaws Meskas. Los ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab lub cev lus qhia nyob rau hauv Ann cov duab, raws li zoo raws li lub cus ciav thiab uplifting prose nyob rau hauv nws cov phau ntawv, cov ntawv thiab diaries, nws yog tseeb hais tias nws tab tom ua ib tug zoo kawg nkaus lub cev thiab kev txawj ntse taug txuj kev nyuaj nrog ib tug txiv neej nws qhuas. Raws li Inga Calvin, Ann haus cawv-tsis yog qhov tsis tshua muaj rau tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los-tab sis tseem ua haujlwm thiab nyiam nws lub neej.
Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau qee lub sijhawm xyoo 1930, tus poj niam ntse, muaj zog no tau los ua ib tug neeg ntseeg. Gale tau hais tias "Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv nws lub neej, thiab kuv tsev neeg tsis tau tham txog nws," Gale hais. "Thaum kuv nug kuv niam txog Ann, nws yuav hais qhov tseeb, 'Nws yog tus neeg haus cawv,' thiab tom qab ntawd hloov cov ntsiab lus. Kuv tsis lees paub tias Ann yog tus neeg haus cawv - nws yuav tsum yog - tab sis kuv xav tias qhov kev piav qhia no yog qhov yooj yim NS. "
Gale xav paub seb qhov kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev yug menyuam hauv Boulder, Colorado (nws niam Elizabeth Ann yug hauv 1932 thiab Sarah Lane yug hauv 1933) yog qhov kev hloov pauv nyuaj tom qab cov kev lom zem xyoo tom ntej ntawm archaeology. Inga Calvin bluntly hais tias: “Qhov ntawd yog ntuj txiag teb tsaus. Rau Ann thiab nws cov menyuam, lawv ntshai nws. " Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj cov dab neeg hais txog Ann tuav lub tsho hnav khaub ncaws rau cov menyuam hauv Boulder lub tsev.
Thaum nws muaj 40 xyoo, nws tsis tshua tawm hauv chav tsev. Raws li ib tsev neeg, nws yuav mus rau pem hauv ntej ob zaug hauv ib xyoos mus xyuas nws cov menyuam, thiab nws chav raug txwv nruj heev. Muaj cov koob txhaj tshuaj thiab Bunsen burners nyob rau hauv chav tsev ntawd, uas ua rau qee cov neeg hauv tsev neeg xav tias nws tau siv morphine lossis heroin. Gail tsis xav tias nws muaj tseeb. Ann muaj ntshav qab zib thiab txhaj tshuaj insulin. Nws hais tias tej zaum Bunsen burner yog siv los ua kom sov kas fes lossis tshuaj yej.
"Kuv xav tias qhov no yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau yam," nws hais. "Nws qaug cawv, mob ntshav qab zib, mob caj dab hnyav, thiab yuav luag muaj kev nyuaj siab." Thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, Earl tau sau ib tsab ntawv mus rau Ann txiv txog qhov uas tus kws kho mob tau ua X Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas pom pom cov nodules dawb, "zoo li tus Tsov tus tw ntawm lub comet entwining nws qaum". Gale xav tias qhov nodule yog qog thiab qhov mob hnyav heev.
Coerte Voorhees xav tua tag nrho nws cov Canyon de Chelly thiab Canyon del Muerto scenes hauv qhov chaw tiag tiag hauv Arizona, tab sis vim nyiaj txiag nws yuav tsum tua feem ntau ntawm lwm qhov chaw. Lub xeev New Mexico, qhov chaw uas nws thiab nws pab neeg nyob, muab kev txhawb siab rau se rau kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv lub xeev, thaum Arizona tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa.
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib qho chaw sawv cev rau Canyon Decelli National Monument yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv New Mexico. Tom qab kev tshawb nrhiav dav dav, nws txiav txim siab tua hauv Red Rock Park nyob sab nrauv ntawm Gallup. Cov nplai ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes yog me dua, tab sis nws yog ua los ntawm tib lub pob zeb liab liab, eroded rau hauv cov duab zoo sib xws los ntawm cua, thiab tsis zoo li kev ntseeg nrov, lub koob yees duab yog ib tug neeg dag zoo.
Hauv Hongyan, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm nrog cov nees tsis sib koom ua ke hauv cua thiab los nag kom txog thaum tsaus ntuj, thiab cua hloov mus rau oblique daus. Nws yog tav su, cov snowflakes tseem raging nyob rau hauv cov suab puam siab, thiab Laurie - tiag tiag ib tug nyob daim duab ntawm Ann Morris-rehearsing nws nrog Taft Blackhorse thiab nws tus tub Sheldon Navajo kab.
Post lub sij hawm: Sep-09-2021